New Upgrading Process for Heavy Oil Using Iron/active Carbon Mixture Catalyst

The possibility of optimizing the composition and the structures of the nickel catalysts and the pretreatment and reaction conditions for carbon dioxide reforming with methane is investigated. The optimum catalyst and the pretreatment and reaction conditions are determined employing the orthogonal and uniform design methods. The optimum nickel catalyst gives promising catalytic performance in terms of activity, selectivity and resistance to coke formation under the pretreatment and reaction conditions. The reaction behaviors and perfect performance of the optimum catalyst are extensively discussed. The properties of the surface carbon intermediates, which are produced by the decomposition of methane, using temperatureprogrammed desorption, temperature-programmed surface reaction, pulse reaction and on-line quadrupole mass spectroscopy techniques were also investigated. Carbidic C,, carbonaceous Cp and carbidic clusters C, surface carbon species formed by decomposition of methane showed different surface mobility, thermal stability and reactivity. The possible reaction mechanism of carbon dioxide reforming with methane will also be postulated. Methane is firstly decomposed into hydrogen and different surface carbon species, then the adsorbed or gas phase C02 reacts with surface carbons to form CO.